这是 一向配偶 的第 703 篇文章
这篇文章 3465 字，估计阅览 7min
00
生气是一种常见的心境表达。有些人令人如沐春风，有些人却简略火山迸发。在职场中，常常发脾气有利仍是有弊呢？下面咱们来最新一期《经济学人》的文章。
01
its destructive side is obvious. furious people are not much fun to work with, and less fun to work for. a short-fused boss is likely to instil fear among employees and to discourage people from speaking up. anger can also engender poor performance. anyone who has ever been riled by a rude email or uncivil colleagues knows how in such circumstances suddenly nothing else matters. every spare bit of cognitive power is redirected to thinking of devastating put-downs from which the offender will never recover; other tasks can wait.
整段译文：生气的损坏性清楚明晰。跟暴脾气的人一同作业并不好玩，为暴脾气而作业就更不好玩了。浮躁的老板很可以会让职工们心生惊骇，使他们不敢直抒己见。愤恨也会致使作业体现欠安。任何一个曾被粗鲁的电子邮件或不礼貌的火伴所激怒的人都晓得，在这种情况下，其他作业俄然变得无关宏旨。一切剩下的认知才能都会被从头分配，用来思考那些让开罪者一蹶不振的消除性咒骂，至于其他使命，可以等。
有哪些描述人「生气的」幻术表达？
01 furious
标明 very angry「狂怒的，暴怒的」。
she was furious with herself for letting things get out of hand.
她生自个的气，怪自个把作业搞得不可以拾掇。
02 infuriated
派生主动词 infuriate，标明 to make sb extremely angry 「使大怒，激怒」。
the sales clerk was being shouted at by an infuriated customer.
一名愤恨的顾客冲着售货员大吼。
03 in a rage
rage 作名词时，常标明 a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger「盛怒，狂怒」。常和 in 分配运用，即 in a rage。
sam became quite frightening when he was in a rage.
山姆发火的时分很吓人。
04 rile
rile 是动词，标明 to make someone extremely angry「激怒，使非常生气」。在本段中有呈现。
he was the calmest guy i ever knew – nothing ever riled him.
他是我知道的最镇定的人 — 没有啥事能让他生气。
fuse
六级 + 考研词汇
fuse 作名词有「导火索」的意思。导火索易燃易爆破，所以作动词的 fuse 有「熔化」之义。假定咱们两只手别离拿的不是物品，而是文明、思维，把它们熔化会怎么样呢？文明、思维「交融」在了一同，也就是 to combine different qualities, ideas, or things, or to be combined。这个引申义是不是牢牢地种在脑瓜里啦？
dreams and reality fuse in her latest film.
在她的最新影片中，愿望和实际交融在一同。
再来看 2012 年英二考研阅览中的一个语句。其间 intrinsically 也是考研词汇，标明「本身地，内在地」。
it is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance.
并不是粉色本身不好，而是它只是七颜色虹中的一小道而已。粉色虽在某种程度上赞许了少女年代 ，但也一而再将女孩的特质与表面牢牢地交融在一同 。
short-fused
have a short fuse 是固定分配，意思是 to have a tendency to get angry quickly and easily「脾气火爆，性格浮躁」。假定有人动不动就发火，就可以用上这个短语。由此衍生出 short-fused 这个描述词，恰当于 bad-tempered。《经济学人》的另一篇不是讲职工发脾气，而是老板。
celebrity bosses used to have nicknames that made a virtue of short fuses and brutality.
早年名人老板们的那些绰号让脾气烦躁和性格凶狠听起来都像是啥美德似的。
02
in one paper on the effects of rudeness on medical professionals, arieh riskin of bnai zion medical centre in haifa and his co-authors describe a training exercise in which teams of israeli physicians and nurses treated a mannequin of a baby. the teams were joined by someone billed as a visiting expert from america, who offered studiously neutral comments to some groups and made unprompted and disparaging remarks about the quality of medical care in israel to others. the teams that had suffered rudeness performed significantly worse.
整段译文：在一篇论说粗鲁对待医疗专业人员影响的论文中，来自海法 bnai zion 医疗中心的 arieh riskin 及合著者描绘了一次培训活动，几组以色列医生和护士对一个婴儿模型在进行医治。一位据介绍是美国来访专家的人参加了这些小组，关于其间一些小组，他的谈论故意坚持中立，而关于另一些小组，他却主动宣告了降低以色列医疗质量的言辞。这些遭到无礼对待的小组体现显着更差。
haifa
海法是以色列北部的港口城市，西濒地中海，是以色列第三大城市，仅次于西耶路撒冷和特拉维夫。
mannequin /?m?n?k?n/
指的是商铺顶用于铺排服装的「人体模型」，行话叫「人台」；医疗或艺术教育用的人体模型多用 manikin。另外也指「服装模特」，类似 model。对非医学专业的同学来说，这个词随意一看，不需要过脑子。
be billed as …
考研词汇
bill 这个单词很有意思，既是「账单」，也是付账单的「美元」。不过，它也可以作动词，标明 to advertise or describe something in a particular way「把某物宣传为……」，常用于被逼，构成 be billed as sth。下面咱们来看 2021 年英二完形填空中的一句话。
airlines have simply changed the time a trip is meant to take. a one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.
航空公司批改了一下旅程所需的时刻，一个小时的航程如今被宣传成两个小时。
studiously
这个副词的意思是 in a way that is carefully planned and deliberate「故意地，成心肠」，恰当于 intentionally, deliberately 等。
he studiously avoided answering the question.
他故意不去答复那个疑问。
家族成员：studious
描述词是 studious，描述人 spending a lot of time studying and reading「勤勉的，吃苦的」。所以想描绘年青人勤勉，咱们可以用 a studious young man 来替代用了许多遍的 a diligent young man。差异在于，前者在外刊中的运用频率较低，但也不是那种平常写作、口语根柢不会用到的老词。在上一年一则有关霉霉的新闻中，标题就有 studious。
by getting involved in their community discussions you can surround yourself with highly driven and studious peers.
经过参加他们的集体谈论，你可以置身于充溢干劲和勤勉的火伴之中。
unprompted
去掉前缀 un- 和后缀 -ed，prompt 显露了鸡脚。这是一个四级 + 考研词汇，用来标明 to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to hap
pen「致使，促进」。前不久在咱们刚跟它打过照面。
this examination confirmed the presence of academic misconduct, prompting the university to take immediate action.
在收到学生对一名黄姓教师的指控后，学校进行了初步查询。这次查询验实了学术不端行为的存在，促进校方当即采纳行为。
由此可见，unprompted 大约是「不被致使的」意思。啥是不被致使？自觉的行为就不需要其他外界要从来影响。所以这个描述词的意思是 said or done without anyone asking you to「主动的，自觉的」。
quite unprompted, sam started telling us exactly what hadhappened that night.
山姆此举完全出是自觉行为，他初步把那天夜里发生的事逐个向咱们说了出来。
disparaging
这个描述词派生主动词 disparage，标明 to suggest that sb / sth is not important or valuable「降低，小看」。饭圈常见的「拉踩」是指赞许甲，冲击乙，所以咱们可以译为praise a by disparaging b。
作为描述词，disparaging 天然就是「降低的，冲击的」。比方，disparaging remarks / comments 是指「贬损的言辞」。这个表达在 2002 年的考研阅览中呈现过。
with other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman.
而关于其他听众，你千万不要企图刺进这类诙谐，因为他们会恶感一个局外人对他们的食堂或领导宣告贬损谈论。
03
anger can have a galvanising effect in specific circumstances. a study by barry staw of the university of california, berkeley, and his co-authors analysed half-time team talks by college and high-school basketball coaches in america, and found that expressions of negative emotions such as anger and disappointment were associated with better second-half outcomes—up to a point. when coaches reached the bulging-eyeballs stage, rage started to have the opposite effect.
整段译文：在特定景象下，愤恨也能发生鼓励作用。加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的巴里 · 斯托（barry staw）及其合著者的一项研讨分析了美国大学和大学篮球教练在中场歇息时的团队说话。成果发现，愤恨和绝望等负面心境的表达与下半场非常好的成果有关，但仅限于必定程度。当教练们到了怒不可以遏的期间，愤恨初步发生相反的作用。
half-time
one time 是一次，所以 half time 是「半次」？half time 指的是「中场歇息时刻」。与之相对的是 full-time 「终场」。
the score was tied at halftime.
中场歇息时，两边战平。
galvanising
派生主动词 galvanize，意思为 to make sb take action by shocking them or by making them excited「使振奋，鼓励」。类似 encourage, motivate, inspire 等。所以 galvanising 意思是「令人为之一振的」。尽管四六级、考研等考试没考过这个词，可是外刊挺常用。话都说到这儿了，不上个外刊例句说不曩昔，《经济学人》走一个。
a push by latin american central banks to promote qr-style digital payments could galvanise fintech platforms in latin america, such as mercado pago.
拉美各国央行推广二维码式数字付出，可以会推进 mercado pago 这类金融科技平台的打开。
up to a point
标明「在必定程度上」，恰当于 partly, in part, to some degree, to a certain extent。2015 年 12 月六级听力用过该短语。
with money and careful planning, we can boost efficiency up to a point.
使用资金和精心方案，咱们可以在必定程度上前进功率。
bulging-eyeballs
bulge 常标明「凸起，鼓起有些」。生气时，有些人的双眼会鼓起来，在汉语中，有个词来描述这种状况：鼓睛暴眼。英语的 bulging-eyeballs 与之类似，指「双眼杰出的」。文中 reached the bulging-eyeballs stage 字面意思是「到了眼球杰出的期间」，咱们可意译为「到了怒不可以遏的期间」，让辞意愈加理解。 ?
听力练习营
报名方法：两人拼团立减 100，更多优惠请戳下方联接~
戳下方文章或图像，跳转文章结束，即可拼团。有疑问可征询助教~
听力文章：
撑持自创，你的在看非常重要
星标加一个，更新不错失