【逐句翻译练习】
46) this movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
重点词组：out of a wilderness(摆脱荒凉)， by its nature(就其本质而言，从本质来说)，uncharted(未知的;图上未标明的)。
结构分析：整个句子是一个简单句，由and并列谓语动词built和shaped。driven by powerful and diverse motivations是后置定语，修饰movement;out of a wilderness是后置定语，修饰nation;of an uncharted continent是后置定语，修饰character and destiny。
参考译文：这项运动，由多种强大的动机驱动，建立了一个摆脱荒凉的国家，并且从本质上来讲，塑造了一块不为人熟悉的大陆的性格和命运。
47) the united states is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of european peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
重点词组：product(产物)，principal(主要的;首要的)，peoples(民族)，impact(影响)
结构分析：句子的主干是the united states is the product of two principal forces，破折号解释说明forces。of european peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics是后置定语，修饰immigration;of a new country which modified these traits是后置定语，修饰impact，其中包含一个定语从句which modified these traits，修饰country。
参考译文：美国是两股主要力量的产物——带有不同思想、风俗习惯和国家特征的欧洲民族的移民，和修改这些特征的新兴国家的影响。
48) but the force of geographic conditions peculiar to america, the interplay of the carried national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.
重点词组：peculiar(特有的，独特的)，interplay(互相影响)，sheer(独特的)
结构分析：整个句子是简单句，主语由三个名词短语用and并列承担，谓宾部分比较短小caused significant changes。主语1中，of geographic conditions peculiar to america是后置定语，修饰force;主语2中，of the carried national groups upon one another是后置定语，修饰interplay;主语3中，of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent是后置定语，修饰difficulty。
参考译文：但是，美国独特的地理条件具备的力量，国家性集团之间的相互影响关系，连同在一块原始、新型大陆上维持旧世界的方法具有的独特的困难，这些都引起了重大的变化。
49) the first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the united sates crossed the atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of north america.
重点词组：shipload(一船的装载)，bound for(开往)，more than(多于)
结构分析：整个句子的主干是the first shiploads of immigrants crossed the atlantic。bound for the territory which is now the united sates是后置定语，修饰immigrants，其中包含定语从句which is now the united sates，修饰territory;more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of north america是时间状语，其中after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of north america是后置定语，修饰a hundred years。
参考译文：在15和16世纪北美探索的一百多年后，开往该领土的——即当今的美国——第一船移民，跨越了大西洋。
50) the virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from maine all the way down to georgia.
重点词组：virgin forest(原始森林)，treasure-house(宝库)，extend from…to…(从……延伸到……)
结构分析：整个句子的主干是the virgin forest was a real treasure-house。with its richness and variety of trees是后置定语，修饰virgin forest;which extended from maine all the way down to georgia是定语从句，修饰treasure-house。
参考译文：拥有丰富和多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一路延伸到乔治亚州。
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